Posts Tagged ‘symptoms’

Lung Cancer Symptoms and Signs

What are the lung cancer signs and lung cancer symptoms ? The symptoms of lung cancer vary widely depending on the location and extent of the tumor. Warning signs of lung cancer are not always present or readily identifiable. A person with lung cancer May of the following types of symptoms:

• No symptoms

It’s up to 25% of people who develop lung cancer, the cancer is discovered at a routine chest X-ray or CT scan as a solitary small mass sometimes called the currency of an injury, given as two dimensions X – ray or CT scan, the tumor-round as a coin. These patients often report only small masses have no symptoms when the cancer is discovered.

• The symptoms associated with cancer

Tumor growth and invasion of lung tissue and surrounding tissues can cause breathing, causing symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain and coughing up blood (hemoptysis). If the cancer has invaded nerves, for example, can cause pain in the shoulder on the outside of the arm (called Pancoast’s Syndrome) or paralysis of the vocal cords leading to hoarseness. Invasion of the esophagus may cause difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia). If an airway is obstructed large, the collapse of part of the lung may occur and cause infections (abscesses, pneumonia) in the blocked area.

• Symptoms related to metastasis

Lung cancer that has spread to the bones may produce excruciating pain in areas of bone involvement. Cancer that has spread to the brain can cause a range of neurological symptoms may include blurred vision, headaches, seizures or stroke symptoms as weakness or numbness in parts of the body.

• Paraneoplastic symptoms

Lung cancers are often accompanied by symptoms resulting from the production of the hormone-like substances by tumor cells. These paraneoplastic syndromes occur most often with SCLC in may, but should be viewed with any type of tumor. A common paraneoplastic syndrome associated with SCLC is the production of a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the cancer cells, resulting in the hypersecretion of cortisol, a hormone of the adrenal glands (Cushing’s syndrome). Most common paraneoplastic syndrome with NSCLC is the production of a substance similar to parathyroid hormone, which causes high calcium levels in the blood.

• No specific symptoms

No specific symptoms seen with many cancers, including lung cancer, including weight loss, weakness and fatigue. Psychological symptoms such as depression and mood swings are also common.
When you visit a doctor or physician medical ?

He should consult a health professional if symptoms he or she develops associated with lung cancer, especially if they
- A persistent cough onset or worsening of existing chronic cough
- The blood in the sputum
- Persistent bronchitis or repeated respiratory infections
- Chest pain
- Unexplained weight loss and fatigue, and also..
- Breathing difficulties such as shortness of breath or wheezing.

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Hepatic Cirrhosis Complication Symptoms and Signs Part 2

Previously, we have discussed about signs and symptoms of hepatic cirrhosis complications such as edema and ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and Bleeding esophageal varices in Part 1. Now we will discuss the continuation of hepatic cirrhosis complication symptoms and signs such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonaire syndrome, hypersplenism and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) details as below.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Some of the proteins in food that escapes digestion and absorption is used by bacteria normally present in the intestine. While the utilization of protein for their own purposes, bacteria that cause substances emitted in the intestine. These substances can be absorbed by the body. Some of these substances, eg ammonia, can have toxic effects on the brain. Normally, these toxic substances are transported from the intestine into the portal vein to the liver where they are eliminated from the blood and detoxification.

As mentioned above, when cirrhosis is present, liver cells can not function normally, either because they are damaged or because they have lost their normal relationship with the blood. In addition, some blood in the portal vein bypasses the liver through other veins. The result of these anomalies is that toxic substances can be removed by the liver cells, and instead, toxic substances accumulate in the blood.

When toxic substances accumulate sufficiently in the blood, brain function is disrupted, a condition called hepatic encephalopathy. Sleeping during the day instead of night (reversal of normal sleep pattern) is one of the first symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. Other symptoms include irritability, inability to concentrate or perform calculations, memory loss, confusion, depression, or levels of consciousness. Ultimately, severe hepatic encephalopathy leading to coma and death.

Toxic chemicals also cause the brain of patients with cirrhosis very sensitive to drugs that are normally filtered and detoxified by the liver. The dose of many drugs that are normally liver detoxification should be reduced to avoid toxic accumulation in cirrhosis, particularly sedatives and drugs used to promote sleep. Alternatively, medications may be used which need not be decontaminated or disposed of the body by the liver, for example, drugs that are eliminated by the kidneys.

Hepatorenal Syndrome

Patients with cirrhosis can develop an intensification of hepatorenal syndrome. This syndrome is a serious complication in which kidney function is reduced. This is a malfunction in the kidneys, i.e. no physical damage to the kidneys. In contrast, the reduction function is due to changes in how blood flows through the kidneys themselves. Hepatorenal syndrome is defined as the progressive inability of the kidneys to clear substances from the blood and produce adequate amounts of urine, but some other important functions of the kidneys, such as salt retention are maintained. If liver function or a healthy liver is transplanted into a patient with hepatorenal syndrome, the kidneys usually start working normally. This suggests that reduced renal function is the result of accumulation of toxic substances in the blood when the liver fails. There are two types of hepatorenal syndrome. An error occurs gradually in recent months. The other is quickly over a week or two.

Hepatopulmonaire Syndrome

More rarely, some patients with advanced cirrhosis may develop hépatopulmonaire syndrome. These patients may have difficulty breathing because of certain hormones released in advanced cirrhosis causes the lungs to function abnormally. The fundamental problem in the lungs is not enough blood flows through tiny blood vessels in the lungs that are in contact with the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. The lung blood is diverted around the alveoli and can not collect enough oxygen in the alveoli. Consequently, the patient has trouble breathing, especially with exertion.

Hypersplenism

The spleen normally acts as a filter to remove more red blood cells, white cells and platelets (small particles that are important for blood clotting.). The blood that flows in the rate reaches the blood in the veins of the intestine. With increasing pressure in the portal vein in cirrhosis, which blocks blood flow further and further into the spleen. Blood “backs and accumulates in the spleen, the spleen and swell in size, a condition known as splenomegaly. Sometimes, the spleen is so swollen that causes abdominal pain.

As the spleen, cells from the blood leaks and more and more until the number of platelets in the blood are reduced. Hypersplenism is the term used to describe this condition, and is associated with a low number of red blood cells (anemia), low white blood cell count (leukopenia), and / or a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). Anemia can cause weakness, infections can cause leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and may inhibit blood clotting and cause prolonged bleeding.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ( liver cancer )

Cirrhosis due to a cause increases the risk of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Principal means that the tumor originates in the liver. A secondary liver cancer is one that comes from other parts of the body and spread (metastasize) to the liver.

The most common symptoms and signs of primary liver cancer are abdominal pain and swelling, enlarged liver, weight loss, fever. In addition, cancers of the liver can produce and release a number of substances, including those that cause an increase in red blood cells (polycythemia), blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and high calcium levels (hypercalcemia).

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Risk Factors Hepatitis A Symptoms Increase

People who practice certain jobs or certain behaviors are more likely to get hepatitis A. If you are a member of a group at high risk, should receive the vaccine against hepatitis A.

Risk factors for hepatitis A, include:
- Eating food that was prepared by someone who is infected with hepatitis A and poor hygiene.
- Consuming raw or undercooked shellfish (like oysters or clams).
- Eating raw foods (such as unpeeled fruits or vegetables) and drinking tap water or well water while traveling to countries where hepatitis A is common.
- Living in a community where hepatitis A is common and outbreaks occur (largely a risk factor for young children).
- Living in a house with someone who has hepatitis A.

Lifestyle factors that increase the risk of hepatitis A include:
- Travel to countries where hepatitis A is common.
- Be a man having sex with men.

What are the hepatitis A symptoms?

After being exposed to the virus, it may take 2 to 7 weeks before seeing a sign for him. Hepatitis A symptoms usually last about 2 months, usually common symptoms of Hepatitis A are:
- Feeling very tired
- Feeling sick in the stomach
- Not feeling hungry
- Losing weight without effort
- Pain in the right side of the abdomen under the ribs (if your liver)
- Fever
- Aching muscles

Older persons with hepatitis A may get yellow skin (jaundice) and dark urine and feces bunting. All forms of hepatitis have similar symptoms. Only a blood test can determine if you have hepatitis A or another form of the disease.

Call your hepatitis A doctor immediately if :
- You have signs of hepatitis A.
- A person you live with hepatitis A.
- Did you eat at a restaurant that had a virus outbreak.
- Your child goes to kindergarten where hepatitis A was reported.

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Signs and Symptoms of Hepatic Cirrhosis Complications

Patients with cirrhosis may have little or no liver disease symptoms and liver disease. Some cirrhosis symptoms may be nonspecific, i.e. not suggest that the liver is the cause. Among the most common symptoms and signs of cirrhosis, it’s include : itching, fatigue, loss of appetite, weakness, jaundice (yellowing of the skin) due to accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, and easy bruising of the decreased production of blood coagulation by the diseased liver.

Some cirrhosis patients also develop signs and symptoms of cirrhosis complications. The complications of cirrhosis such as edema and ascites, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), Bleeding esophageal varices described here, and Hepatic encephalopathy, Hepatorenal syndrome, Hepatopulmonaire Syndrome, Hypersplenism and Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) will be explained in part 2.

Edema and ascites

As liver cirrhosis is severe, the signals are sent to the kidneys retain salt and water in the body. The excess salt and water is first stored in the tissue under the skin of the ankles and legs due to gravity standing or sitting. This fluid buildup is called swelling or edema marks. (Fovea refers to the fact that the pressure of a finger firmly against the ankle or leg with edema causes bleeding in the skin that persists for some time after pressure release. In fact, any pressure, as the elastic of a sock, can be enough to cause pitting.) Swelling is often worse at the end of the day, after standing or sitting and may lower overnight due to the loss the effects of gravity on the position supine. As cirrhosis worsens and more salt and water is conserved, the fluid can also accumulate in the abdominal cavity between the abdominal wall and abdominal organs. This accumulation of fluid (called ascites) causes abdominal bloating, abdominal discomfort, and weight gain.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)

Of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites) is the ideal place for bacteria to grow. Normally, the abdominal cavity contains a very small amount of liquid that is able to resist infection well, and bacteria that enter the abdomen (usually the intestine) are killed or find their place in the door and the liver vein, which killed. In cirrhosis, fluid accumulates in the abdomen can not normally resist infection. In addition, more bacteria find their way from the intestine into the ascites. Therefore, the infection within the abdomen and ascites, known as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or SBP, is likely to happen. SBP is a potentially fatal complication. Some patients with PAS have no symptoms, while others may have fever, chills, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and worsening ascites.

Bleeding esophageal varices

In cirrhosis of the liver, scar tissue blocks the flow of blood to the heart of the intestines and increases the pressure in the portal vein (portal hypertension). When the pressure in the portal vein is large enough, which causes blood flow to the liver through the veins with less pressure to reach the heart. The most common veins through which blood passes through the liver are the veins along the lower esophagus and upper stomach.

Because of increased blood flow and thereby increasing the pressure, the veins of the lower esophagus, upper stomach and the expansion and then called esophageal and gastric varices, portal pressure, varicose veins more and more likely that a patient is bleeding from varices in the esophagus or stomach.

Bleeding varices are often severe and, without immediate treatment can be fatal. Symptoms of bleeding varices are vomiting blood (vomiting can be red blood mixed with clots or “coffee” in appearance, the latter due to the effect of acid in the blood), passage of stool that is black and tarry stools, due to changes in the blood that passes through the intestine mane () and dizziness or fainting hypotension (caused by a fall in blood pressure, especially when standing in the supine position).

It may also be bleeding from varices that form in other parts of the intestine, for example, the colon, but this is rare. For unknown reasons, patients hospitalized with active bleeding from esophageal varices are at high risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

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Sign Diabetes Symptoms That Are Occurring in Diabetes Varies

Initially, these diabetes symptoms depend on the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type. At the beginning of a diabetes type 2 disease are usually absent any symptoms, which makes this type 2 so malicious. Type-2 diabetes usually develops over several years, until a diagnosis is made, may have damage to nerves, kidneys or eyes may have occurred.

In type 1 diabetes, diabetes symptoms, however use more rapidly, the typical diabetes symptoms are weight loss, frequent urination (urgency) and a pronounced thirst.

These are the symptoms of diabetes disease:
• excessive thirst
• frequent urination
• vision for sustained unexplained weight loss, poor wound healing

Other possible diabetes symptoms are:
• Fatigue
• Performance Degradation
• Hunger
• Poorly healing wounds
• Itching
• Potency disorders

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