Posts Tagged ‘hepatitis A’

Hepatitis A Virus Infection Prevention Tips

Many ways to prevent Hepatitis A Virus Infection, such as :
1. Get vaccinated against hepatitis A, if your travel plans, work, health, or lifestyle puts you at risk for exposure to hepatitis A (HAV). For more information, see what increases the risk of this category.
2. Develop habits of hygiene.
- Make sure you and all family members wash their hands with soap and warm water after using the toilet and before preparing or eating food.
- wash dishes in hot soapy water or a dishwasher.
- discourage children from putting objects in their mouths, especially when they share toys with other children.
- Do not eat or drink anything that you think may have been prepared in filthy conditions.
3. Protect yourself before flying and when on his journey. If you are traveling to some of the world where sanitation is poor or if hepatitis A is a known problem, consult your doctor about vaccination against hepatitis A, immune globulin (Ig) or a combination vaccine against hepatitis A and B. Always drink bottled water or boil water before drinking. Avoid tap water or untreated well water or drinks with ice. And do not eat raw foods (such as unpeeled fruits or vegetables).
4. Crus not eat shellfish or cooked. If molluscs that live in water have been contaminated with feces containing the virus of hepatitis A infected molluscs May.

Child care workers should be educated about how often prevent the spread of hepatitis A prevention. Although children infected with hepatitis A may have little or no symptoms, can infect other people, including child care workers and other adults who may develop more severe symptoms. To prevent the spread of hepatitis A virus HAV, the child care workers must :
- Use plastic (not latex, because of the risk of allergic reaction), disposable gloves when changing diapers.
- Wash children’s hands, and then use a new pair of gloves when changing diapers for another child.
- Clean the diaper changing surface after each mutation.
- Talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated against HAV.

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Considerations For The Vaccine Against Hepatitis A

Adults who are considering a trip abroad where hepatitis A is common may in to test for antibodies to HAV (anti-HAV test) before starting a vaccination program against hepatitis A. If you already have HAV in the blood, which are protected against infection, and should not be vaccinated.

Please consider the following before you go through tests with anti-HAV before vaccination:

• The schedule can be less expensive than anti-HAV testing. The testing costs include the cost of a physician visit and laboratory tests. If tests show that you need to get vaccinated, you must pay to complete the vaccination series (two shots given at different times), including costs of additional consultations.
• You can receive the vaccine against hepatitis A, even if you have antibodies against hepatitis A in the blood, and no harm would result.
• The vaccine against hepatitis A is not fully effective until 4 weeks after injection. But the vaccine will provide some protection after 2 weeks.

If you will be tested for anti-HAV, make sure to do before your trip. People over 60 who want to receive the vaccine before 4 weeks before departure, because evidence suggests that the immune response develops more slowly in older people.

If you find that you need the vaccine, but which moves at less than 4 weeks, you should receive the first shot in the vaccination. One shot provides protection to 90% by the disease and may reduce the severity of the disease. If you want to be extra careful, you may receive the first shot in the vaccination and the injection of immune globulin (IG). This will ensure you’re protected against HAV. You can receive the second injection of the vaccine against hepatitis A 6 to 18 months (as recommended by the manufacturer of the vaccine) after the first shooting.

Other factors to consider regarding the vaccine against Hepatitis A :

• Two doses of vaccine are needed to protect themselves better, so try to get his first shot at least 6 months before going to a foreign country where hepatitis A is common.
• Routine vaccination of hospital personnel, food handlers and child care workers and attendees Center does not occur at this time, since their probability of infection is generally higher than the general community. However, some centers have child care workers get the shot because it works so well to prevent the disease. There are also very low likelihood of vaccine side effects. If outbreaks of HAV infection occur in these environments, people who have been exposed to the virus should receive an injection of immunoglobulin (IG).
• If you have had close personal contact with someone who has hepatitis A, you should get the vaccine against hepatitis A or an injection of IG as soon as possible. If you have received vaccine or IG within 2 weeks of exposure to hepatitis, you may not have symptoms of infection with HAV. For more information, see the section on drugs in this matter.
• The vaccine against hepatitis A also provides some protection against infection if exposed to the virus.

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Prevention of Hepatitis A Using Vaccine

The vaccine against hepatitis A (Hepatitis A Vaccine) is the most effective means of preventing infection of hepatitis A virus (HAV). The hepatitis A vaccines provides 94% to 100% protection if you have two shots of vaccine.

Immunization with the hepatitis A vaccine against hepatitis A is recommended for:
- All children from age 1. Two separate doses are given at least 6 months apart. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention made this recommendation in 2006. Many children and adolescents have not had the hepatitis A vaccine.
- Adolescents and children who have not had the vaccine against hepatitis A and are in the following situations:

• An epidemic of the disease has occurred recently.
• They live in a community or state that has established routine immunization because the disease occurs more frequently than in other areas.

- People with health travel, work or lifestyle puts them at risk of exposure. This includes:

• Those planning a trip to a foreign country where sanitary conditions are poor and hepatitis A is common.
• People who use illegal drugs.
• Men who have sex with men.
• People who work with monkeys that are infected and those who work with the virus in a research context.
• People with long-term (chronic) liver disease.
• Who are awaiting or have undergone a liver transplant.
• Persons with hemophilia or related disorders in blood clotting.

A combination hepatitis vaccine (Twinrix vaccine) that prevents hepatitis B and hepatitis A is available for persons over 18 years.

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HAV Hepatitis A Causes Virus

Hepatitis A caused by a HAV virus (HAV is Hepatitis A Virus) which multiplies in the cells of the liver and excreted in faeces.

How Can Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Spread

Hepatitis A virus is present in the feces (stool) of a person who has hepatitis A. The virus is spread most often when people put food or objects contaminated with HAV in feces in the mouth.

A large number of people who contracted the virus after drinking contaminated water, since in many parts of the world, drinking water is contaminated by raw sewage. The virus can also be transmitted by eating raw foods (such as raw seafood), fruits and vegetables unpeeled, washed with contaminated water. Outbreaks of hepatitis A caused by contaminated drinking water are rare in the United States, because water supplies are treated to kill viruses and other pests.

In United States and Canada, HAV (hepatitis A virus) is spread primarily among people who have close contact with someone who has the virus. You can be infected with Hepatitis-A-Virus if :

• Eating food prepared by someone who did not wash their hands after using the toilet or changing diapers.
• Do not wash hands after changing diapers.
• Consumption of raw shellfish or undercooked which are harvested in waters contaminated by raw sewage.
• Is it a man and have sex with men.

Outbreaks of hepatitis A among children in residential day care occur because children, especially those layers, you can get fecal matter in their hands and then touch objects that other children put in their mouths. Doctors at the centers of day care can transmit the virus if it does not wash hands thoroughly after changing a diaper.

It is very rare for hepatitis A is spread by infected blood or blood products. Not known to be transmitted by saliva or urine. Some people fear that the infection is linked to hepatitis, or increases the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This is not true. The hepatitis A is not related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS, or increase their risk of HIV infection. A person can be infected with both hepatitis and HIV, but the two infections have nothing to do with each other.

Incubation periods, and contagion

After the HAV Hepatitis A Virus enters your body, the amount of virus from 2 to 7 weeks. Incubation period average is about 4 weeks.  Feces and other body fluids contain the highest levels of the virus 2 weeks before symptom onset. This is when they are most contagious, but can still transmit the virus after the onset of symptoms.

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Risk Factors Hepatitis A Symptoms Increase

People who practice certain jobs or certain behaviors are more likely to get hepatitis A. If you are a member of a group at high risk, should receive the vaccine against hepatitis A.

Risk factors for hepatitis A, include:
- Eating food that was prepared by someone who is infected with hepatitis A and poor hygiene.
- Consuming raw or undercooked shellfish (like oysters or clams).
- Eating raw foods (such as unpeeled fruits or vegetables) and drinking tap water or well water while traveling to countries where hepatitis A is common.
- Living in a community where hepatitis A is common and outbreaks occur (largely a risk factor for young children).
- Living in a house with someone who has hepatitis A.

Lifestyle factors that increase the risk of hepatitis A include:
- Travel to countries where hepatitis A is common.
- Be a man having sex with men.

What are the hepatitis A symptoms?

After being exposed to the virus, it may take 2 to 7 weeks before seeing a sign for him. Hepatitis A symptoms usually last about 2 months, usually common symptoms of Hepatitis A are:
- Feeling very tired
- Feeling sick in the stomach
- Not feeling hungry
- Losing weight without effort
- Pain in the right side of the abdomen under the ribs (if your liver)
- Fever
- Aching muscles

Older persons with hepatitis A may get yellow skin (jaundice) and dark urine and feces bunting. All forms of hepatitis have similar symptoms. Only a blood test can determine if you have hepatitis A or another form of the disease.

Call your hepatitis A doctor immediately if :
- You have signs of hepatitis A.
- A person you live with hepatitis A.
- Did you eat at a restaurant that had a virus outbreak.
- Your child goes to kindergarten where hepatitis A was reported.

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