Posts Tagged ‘causes’

Several Causes of Pneumonia and Description

Pneumonia Description

Several pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi can attack the tissue in the lung. This description is called of the lungs (pneumonia). The affected lung area swells and pulmonary blood flow is increased.

From 30 to 60 percent of all pneumonias are to be due to a certain type of bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae = pneumococcal result). Pneumonia is the most common infectious disease leading to death in the industrialized countries, worldwide it occupies third place.

On the Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Europe and Asia region, such as Italy, Japan, Australia, France, Spain, China, India, Netherlands, Poland and Germany are diagnosed about 10 out of 1,000 people. 90 percent of  the medical cases on a bacterial infection. Pneumonia illness mostly affects infants, young children and the elderly. For people who are otherwise healthy, healing from pneumonia usually without consequence.

In older people, children and people with weak immune systems, pneumonia may also end up deadly. Pneumonias, which develop in the hospital, are particularly dangerous.

Several Pneumonia Causes

Infection as causes of pneumonia typically occurs through the inhalation of micro-organisms. These pneumonia causes include bacteria, viruses, mushroom fungi and Read more…

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Lung Emphysema Causes and Description

Emphysema Description

A pulmonary emphysema is a pathological distension of lungs. In chronic pulmonary emphysema, the tissue loses the affected areas by the continuous stretching of elasticity, a process whichis not irreversible.

In emphysema description, the partition walls of the alveoles (alveoli) are destroyed. To emerge from millions of elastic vesicles big bubbles, which is retained in the air. This increases the gas volume and exhalation difficult. Usually not all lung portions are affected.

The chronic emphysema description, usually occurs as a result of chronic bronchitis and COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in smokers. A rare cause is an inherited predisposition (Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency). An estimated ten percent population in the world, include United States, Canada, Brazil, China, Australia, European and Asian people suffer from emphysema.

Several Emphysema Causes

Cause of Emphysema : Chronic Diseases

Most pulmonary emphysema occurs in the context of chronic diseases on bronchi or lungs. These include the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Much rarer is the Altersemphysem. The Emphysema causes here is a age-related loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that can occur starting from the fifth decade of life. Very rarely is an inborn enzyme deficiency (Alpha-1 Proteinase Inhibitor Deficiency) is the emphysema cause, usually affects mostly people under Read more…

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Causes of Chronic Bronchitis and Description

Chronic Bronchitis Description

Description of chronic bronchitis is a permanent inflammation of the respiratory system. The World Health Organization (WHO), speaking of chronic bronchitis, when a patient in two consecutive years, occurring in at least three months following cough and sputum.

The most common cause of chronic bronchitis description is smoking, it happen in active smoker or passive smoker. 90 percent of people with chronic bronchitis are smokers or former smokers.

In Europe region especially Italy, Spain and Germany, estimated 10 up to 15 percent of adult men and eight percent of adult women affecting chronic bronchitis. In United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia also many people suffering chronic bronchitis. Accoring to description, chronic bronchitis disease incidence increases with rising age. Chronic bronchitis description, it’s one of most important causes of inability and disablement of work.

As subsequent diseases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , a pulmonary emphysema, and may act chronic right ventricular failure (cor pulmonale) are formed.

Chronic Bronchitis Causes

Reconstruction of the pulmonary (lung change)

The cause of chronic bronchitis causes is a paralysis of the smallest cilia (Zillies) in the lungs. This transport usually the mucus and dirt from the lung. It also increases the number of mucus cells and Read more…

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Acute Bronchitis Causes and Description

Acute Bronchitis Description

Acute bronchitis is an inflammation in the larger branching airways (trachea and bronchi). Depending on which section is concerned, this is also called tracheitis, tracheobronchitis, bronchitis or bronchiolitis. Bronchitis acute usually arises in connection with a cold or flu. Acute bronchitis is usually harmless, but is often accompanied by a nagging cough.

The acute infections of the upper airways which include acute bronchitis, are the most frequent diseases. Adults suffer an average of two until three times annualy with acute bronchitis. An accumulation of these and other cold diseases are found mainly in spring and autumn. Affected are frequent children, older humans and people with immune deficiency.

Acute Bronchitis Causes

There are several pathogens that can cause acute bronchitis. These are several acute bronchitis causes :

Viruses : In about 90 percent of the cases is a cold, which is caused by viruses that can cause acute bronchitis. This spreads from the nose and throat area ( nasopharyngeal cavity ) into the deeper portions of the airways. The most common acute bronchitis virus are Adeno, Rhino, Corona, or para-influenza viruses. In children, frequent Respiratory Sinzytial (RS), ECHO or coxsackie viruses.

Bacteria : They can also cause acute bronchitis because bacteria. Often this occurs, in conjunction with or after a viral infection on (so-called secondary infection). Often there are bacteria, which increase within the cells of the human immune system and therefore can not be easily tackled, such as Chlamydia or Mycoplasma. Also bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, which can cause meningitis in children, and pathogens such as pneumococcal pneumonia may be responsible for bronchitis causes.

Mushrooms : They are less often lead to acute bronchitis (e.g. Soorbronchitis by Candida albicans). Especially immunocompromised people (e.g. HIV-infected people) are affected with cancer. Even diseases such as whooping cough, measles, brucellosis or typhoid fever can be causes of acute bronchitis.

Irritants : Constant exposure to irritants such as vapors, gases and dust around the workplace or the particulate pollution in busy streets favor the development of acute bronchitis causes. Rarely they can even damage to the mucosa and cause inflammation of Trachealbaums.

Important is the differentiation from allergic asthma : While concentrated in acute bronchitis, the airways are restricted by inflammatory cells and mucus, they over-react to various stimuli in asthma, it comes to a sudden constriction and asthma attack.

Favouring factors  for respiratory tract infections system are:

• Cigarette smoke from smokers
• Cold water or wet weather
• Air pollution

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The Most Frequent Cirrhosis Causes

There are some causes of cirrhosis, such as alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cryptogenic cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, Inherited disorders, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, biliary atresia, and cardiac chronic heart failure as cirrhosis causes problems.

• Alcohol cause hepatic cirrhosis

Alcohol is a very common cause of cirrhosis, especially in the western world. The development of cirrhosis depends on the amount and regularity of alcohol consumption. Chronic high levels of alcohol consumption for liver cell damage. Thirty percent of people drinking daily for at least eight to sixteen ounces of hard liquor or the equivalent of fifteen or more years will develop cirrhosis. Alcohol causes a range of diseases of the liver to be simple and uncomplicated fatty liver (steatosis), to more severe fatty liver with inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or hepatitis), cirrhosis.

• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

NAFLD, better known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease refers to a broad spectrum of liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis. All stages of NAFLD have in common the accumulation of fat in liver cells. The term is used because NAFLD nonalcoholic occurs in people who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol, however, in many respects, the microscopic image of non-alcoholic fatty liver is similar to what can be seen in liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Is NAFLD associated with a condition called insulin resistance, which in turn is associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the United States and is responsible for 24% of all liver diseases. In fact, the number of livers that are transplanted from non-alcoholic fatty liver, cirrhosis is related to the increase. The public health administrators that the current epidemic of obesity dramatically increases the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cirrhosis in the population.

• Cryptogenic cirrhosis (cirrhosis due to unidentified causes)

Cirrhosis due to unidentified causes, better known as Cryptogenic-Cirrhosis is a common reason for liver transplantation. It’s called cryptogenic cirrhosis because for years doctors have been unable to explain why a proportion of patients with cirrhosis developed. Doctors now believe that cryptogenic cirrhosis due to NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) caused by long-standing obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The fat in the liver of patients with NASH is estimated to disappear with the onset of cirrhosis, and this makes it difficult for physicians to establish the link between NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis long. An important clue leading to NASH cryptogenic cirrhosis is the discovery of a large number of Nash in the new liver of patients undergoing liver transplantation in cryptogenic cirrhosis. Finally, a French study suggests that patients with NASH have a similar risk of developing cirrhosis patients with long-term infection with hepatitis C. (See below). However, it is expected that progression to cirrhosis from NASH to be slow and the diagnosis of cirrhosis is usually performed in patients in the sixties.

• Chronic Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis chronic is a condition where chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C affects the liver for years. Most patients with viral hepatitis develop chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. For example, most patients infected with hepatitis A recover completely within a few weeks without developing chronic infection. However, some patients infected with hepatitis B and most patients infected with hepatitis C develop chronic hepatitis, which in turn leads to progressive liver disease leading to cirrhosis and sometimes liver cancer.

• Inherited (genetic) disorders

Inherited genetic disorders that cause the accumulation of toxic substances in the liver, leading to tissue damage and cirrhosis. Examples include the abnormal accumulation of iron (hemochromatosis) or copper (Wilson’s disease). In hemochromatosis, patients inherit a tendency to absorb too much iron from food. Over time, iron accumulation in various organs in the body causes cirrhosis, arthritis, heart muscle damage leading to heart failure, and testicular dysfunction causing loss of sexual appetite. Treatment aims to prevent organ damage from the removal of iron in the body by bleeding (blood removal). In Wilson’s disease, is an inherited abnormality in one of the proteins that control copper in the body. Over time, copper accumulates in the liver, eyes and brain. Cirrhosis, tremor, psychiatric disorders and other neurological disorders occur if the condition is not treated quickly. Treatment with oral medication that increases the amount of copper from the body in urine.

• Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)

PBC, better known as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis is a liver disease caused by abnormal immune system that is predominantly female. Abnormal immunity in PBC causes chronic inflammation and destruction of small bile ducts in the liver. The bile ducts are the passages in the liver, bile travels to the intestine. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver that contains substances necessary for digestion and absorption of fat in the intestine, and other compounds that are waste products such as bilirubin, a pigment. (Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells.). Along with the gallbladder, bile ducts form the biliary tract. In the PBC, the destruction of small bile duct blocks the normal flow of bile into the intestine. As the inflammation continues to destroy more of the bile ducts, also extends to destroy liver cells nearby. That the destruction of hepatocytes of products, the scar tissue (fibrosis) forms and propagates in the areas of destruction. The combined effects of ongoing inflammation, scarring, and the toxic effects of waste accumulation leads to cirrhosis.

• Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

PSC, better known as Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is a rare disease that occurs frequently in patients with ulcerative colitis. In the PSC, the large bile ducts outside the liver become inflamed, narrowed and blocked. Outflow obstruction of the bile duct in biliary tract infections and jaundice, and eventually causes cirrhosis. In some patients, bile duct injury (usually after surgery) can also cause obstruction and cirrhosis of the liver.

• Autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis is a liver disease caused by abnormal immune system that occurs most often in women. The abnormal immune activity in autoimmune hepatitis resulting in inflammation and progressive destruction of liver cells (hepatocytes), which eventually leads to cirrhosis.

• Babies can be born without bile ducts (biliary atresia)

Biliary atresia, also known as infant can be born without bile ducts and eventually develop cirrhosis. Other babies are born without enzyme vital for control of sugar that leads to the accumulation of sugars and cirrhosis. On rare occasions, the absence of a specific enzyme can cause cirrhosis and scarring of the lungs (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency).

• Other less common causes of cirrhosis include unusual reactions to certain drugs and exposure to toxins, and chronic heart failure (cardiac cirrhosis)

In some parts of the world (especially North Africa), infection of the liver parasites (schistosomiasis) is the most common cause of liver disease and cirrhosis.

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