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Can Antidiabetic Drugs Help Diabetics Type 2

Many diabetes patients who might suffer from type 2 diabetes, losing regular medication, if they would carry enough sports and switch their diet. By increase physical activity (sports activity) in diabetes (at least three times a week, 30 minutes) wins the body back to the insulin receptivity and endogenous insulin works better.

Unfortunately, not everyone can be affected in this simple way to treat without medication. Possible reasons for this are, in addition magelnder cooperation of the patient :
* Notwenidige Präperate of medication, which can increase blood sugar levels (eg, cortisone drugs)
* Food allergies or food incompatibilities (e.g. an accumulated occurrence of allergies approximately differently fruit places)
* Simultaneous dementia preventing the patient to the desired behavior change

Patients of these groups are applicable for a diabetes therapy with antidiabetic drugs. These are taken orally and can be divided in three different groups.  Groups of active substances of the oral anti diabetic.

- Biguanide

Metformin is the only Präperat, which is to be received still from these Grupper. The meaning of the old active substance decreased since newer developments strongly. Biguanide lower blood sugar mirror of the patient without influencing control on the insulin budget.
The Präperat for overweight is particularly suitable, because in contrast to sulfonylureas, which can lead to weight gain, appetite-suppressing effect biguanides. Not geegnet is the drug, however, for patients with liver or kidney damage and cardiovascular disorders.

- Glucose absorption timer

This type of medication ensures that glucose is excreted through the intestine too quickly into the blood. It works by inhibiting the enzyme alpha-Glukosodase.

The body’s insulin is made by coagulating concentration better cope with the reduction. If one takes this Präperate, one should remember that it is particularly sugar from fruit, bread, etc. inhibits – in an emergency so they can not compensate for hypoglycemia more! Get better, therefore, on grape!

- Sulphonyl urea

Drugs containing this active substance stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin. Advantage consists of the fact that the drug even in small doses, and therefore has a receipt once daily is sufficient. The disadvantage is that the increased production of the producing cells are also more depleted.

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Urine Investigation for Diabetes (Sugar Illness)

The urine analysis investigation (urine investigation test) is a very simple test you can perform well themselves. For this you need to do a test strip, the cost you can buy in any pharmacy with cost of 15 pieces for about 20 €.

With this urine investigation test, you can determine your urine sugar completely simply. Test your blood sugar regularly, for example, the morning after rising. Urine glucose (urine sugar) frequently found here, shows this clearly indicates a diabetes (diabetes mellitus). Background: Your kidney begins to excrete sugar in the urine when your blood sugar mg to 150g 180 / dl is.

This test is meaningful only in that one direction. You can not automatically assume that you do not suffer from diabetes, if you notice any of these Urine glucose test strips. If the diabetes has affected your kidneys, then the so-called renal threshold, the point is, is excreted in the urine sugar to be increased. Even at very high blood glucose levels, then a divorce is no more sugar.

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Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for Diabetes

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is used when it is not entirely clear whether you have diabetes mellitus disease or not. This is for example the case if your blood sugar levels are OK, although you suffer from side effects of diabetes. And then, your glucose tolerance will be tested using diabetes Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.

All you have to eat for 3 days really rich in carbohydrates. Then you may eat or drink anything for 10 hours. If your doctor you will receive a mixture of 75 g glucose in 250 ml of water or tea. After one and after two hours after you have been drinking this mixture, you will be taken from blood, from which, the blood sugar value determined.

If your blood glucose after 2 hours later than 140 mg / dL, then your glucose intolerance is disturbed. If it is after this time higher than 200 mg / dl of blood, then you are suffering from diabetes. The disadvantage of the oral glucose tolerance test is that it somewhat “error” is.

There are several factors that may distort or falsify the outcome. These defects include a just recovering from a heart attack, one just has subsided or infection (such as a very incipient infection for example) a cold or very irregular sleeping habits.

Do you take any medication of any kind, you should see your medical doctor in any case point out, because they can distort the oral glucose tolerance test. You can do Oral Glucose Tolerance Test at your nearest hospital / medical center in your contry such as United States, Canada, China, Japan, Australia, Italy, Poland, United Kingdom, Spain or Netherlands.

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Diabetic Blood Test, Investigation from Diabetes

The diabetes blood test, also known as Sober Investigation, if with you increased blood sugar values (over 200 mg/dl blood) are determined and such a first suspicion on diabetes insist. Then with you a sober investigation is accomplished. They may have eaten 8 hours long nothing before this investigation. In the case of this investigation either blood out of a Vene or capillary blood so called is taken to you out of a finger summit.

The blood sugar value may not lie in the venous blood over 125 mg/dl, in the capillary blood not over 110 mg/dl.

With a unique regulation it is naturally not done with this test. In order to go completely surely, the sober investigation (diabetes blood test) is again repeated after some days. It acts with an investigation of the sober blood sugar mirror meanwhile around the test, which is used at most, because it is to be handled simple and is quite exact. Nevertheless here doubtful results can occur, for example strongly varying values with the two investigations. Another diabetes blood test investigation test which be recommend is the oral glucose tolerance test (please see further information about Oral Glucose Tolerance Test at my next articles)

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Lung Cancer Diagnosis Guide

What is the diagnosis of lung cancer ? Lung cancer doctors use a variety of diagnostic procedures and lung cancer tests to diagnose lung cancer. Some of lung cancer diagnosis (diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón, La diagnosi di cancro al polmone, lungenkrebs diagnose, diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón) are :

Physical and history examination

The history and physical examination may reveal the presence of symptoms and signs that, with suspected lung cancer. In addition, to inquire into the causes and risk factors for cancer such as smoking, doctors can detect signs of respiratory distress, airway obstruction or lung infection. Cyanosis, a bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes due to lack of oxygen in the blood, suggesting compromise of lung function. In addition, changes in the tissues of the nail, known as clubs, can also indicate lung disease.

Chest X-ray

Using Chest X-Ray is the most common first diagnostic step, when new lung cancer symptoms are present. Chest X-ray procedure often includes a view from the back of the front of the chest as well as the view from the outside. Like any X-ray procedure, chest X-rays expose patients below the minimum amount of radiation. In the chest X-rays can detect suspicious areas in the lungs, but can not determine if these areas are cancerous. In particular, calcified nodules in the lungs or benign tumors called hamartomas can be identified by chest radiography and simulate a lung cancer.

CT-Scan (computed tomography scan, or computed tomography)

Computed Tomography Scan, better know as CT-Scan can be performed in the chest, abdomen and / or to study the brains of primary and metastatic tumors. The CT scan may be ordered when a chest X-rays showed no abnormalities or does not provide sufficient information or the location of the tumor. CT X-ray procedures is to combine several images using a computer to produce cross-section view of the body. Photos taken large donut-shaped X-ray machine at various angles around the body. One advantage of CT is more sensitive than standard chest x-ray ray in detecting lung nodules. Sometimes intravenous contrast agent is given before the procedure helps to identify the bodies and their positions. CT exposes the patient to a minimal amount of radiation. The most common side effect is an adverse reaction to contrast material intravenously, which can be given before the procedure. There may be a result of itching, a rash, which usually disappear fairly quickly. Severe anaphylactic reactions (life-threatening allergic reactions with shortness of breath), in contrast to the material are rare. Abdominal CT scan can detect liver metastases or adrenal glands, and computed tomography of the head may be required to identify the presence and extent of metastatic brain cancer.

A technique called low-dose spiral CT (computed tomography or spiral)

CT Spiral, or computed tomography spiral is sometimes used for screening of lung cancer. This procedure requires a special type of scanner and shown to be an effective tool to identify lung cancer in smokers and former smokers. However, there has not been demonstrated that the use of this method actually saves lives and reduces the risk of death from lung cancer. Increased sensitivity of this method is actually one of the sources of its weaknesses, as it is easy nodules require further evaluation will be considered in approximately 20% of people with this technique. Nodules identified low-dose spiral transformer test, 90% not cancerous, but require up to two years of expensive and often difficult monitoring and verification. Trials conducted in order to determine more precisely the utility of spiral CT screening for lung cancer.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Using MRI may be appropriate if the precise details on the whereabouts of the tumor is not necessary. Appliances Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses magnetism, radio waves and a computer to produce images of body structures. Like CT, the patient is in bed furniture, which is inserted into the MRI. There are no known side effects of MRI, and no exposure. And the resolution of the image produced by MRI in detail and can detect small changes in the structure within the body. Persons with pacemakers, metal implants, artificial heart valves and other structures surgically implanted can not be scanned with MRI because of the risk that the magnet may move the metal parts of these structures.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

PET, or positron emission tomography is a specialized imaging technique that uses radioactive drugs short-term three-dimensional color images of these substances in the tissues in the body. Although CT and MRI to examine the anatomical structures and measure the metabolic activity of PET and functioning of tissues. PET can determine if the tumor tissue is actively growing and can help determine the type of tumor cells determined. In PET, the patient receives an average cut of radioactive drugs and about the amount of radiation in two chest X-ray. Drug discharges particles called positrons from wherever they are accepted and used in the body. As the positrons encounter electrons in the body, the reaction of gamma ray production occurs. The scanner records these gamma rays and map the area where radioactive drugs. For example, the combination of glucose (a common source of energy in the body) with radioactive materials will be displayed quickly when glucose is used, for example, the growing tumor.

Thoracentesis

Why thoracentesis can diagnose lung cancer? Sometimes lung cancer involving the lining of the lung tissue (pleura) and lead to accumulation of fluid in the space between the lungs and thorax (called pleural effusion). The desire of the fluid sample with a fine needle (thoracentesis) can detect cancer cells and to establish the diagnosis. As the needle biopsy, a small risk of pneumothorax associated with this procedure.

Bronchoscopy
Examination of bronchoscopy of the airways (Airways viewing through a thin fiber optic probe is inserted through the nose or mouth), can identify areas of tumor, which may be sampling ( biopsy) for diagnosis by the pathologist. A tumor in the central regions of mild or arising in connection with the large airways is available for sampling using this technique. Bronchoscopy can be performed with the fiber, rigid or flexible-optic bronchoscope and can be done in the office that day bronchoscopy suite, operating room or living room. The procedure can be uncomfortable and requires sedation or anesthesia. Although bronchoscopy is relatively secure, it must be done by lung specialists (pulmonologist or surgeon) with experience in this procedure. When the tumor is visualized and adequately sampled, accurate diagnosis of cancer, as a rule, is possible. Some patients may cough up blood, dark brown for a day or two after the procedure. The most serious complications, but rarely include more bleeding, reduced blood oxygen, and cardiac arrhythmia, and complications of sedation and anesthesia.

Sputum cytology

What is the sputum cytology? The lung-cancer diagnosis always requires confirmation of malignant cells pathologist, even when symptoms and X-ray studies with suspected lung cancer. The easiest way to establish the diagnosis of sputum examination under a microscope. If the tumor is located in the center and into the respiratory tract, this procedure is known as the examination of sputum cytology, may allow visualization of the tumor cells for diagnosis. This is the biggest risk diagnostic procedure for free and cheap material, but its value is limited because tumor cells can not always be present in sputum, even if cancer is present. Also, sometimes benign cells undergo changes in response to inflammation or trauma, which makes them look like cancer cells.

The Bone Scan

The bone scan is used to create images of bones on a film or computer screen. Doctors may order a bone scan to determine the lung cancer metastasis to bone. In the analysis of bones, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into the blood and accumulates in bones, especially in abnormal areas, such as those involved in the metastatic tumors. Radioactive material detected by the scanner and the image of the bones is recorded on special film for permanent display.

The needle biopsies

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) through the skin, most commonly performed with X-ray images for guidance, can be useful in extracting the cells for diagnosis of tumors of the lymph in the lungs. Needle biopsy is particularly useful for peripheral lung tumor in the lungs and is not accessible for sampling by bronchoscopy. A small amount of local anesthetic for the installation of a thin needle through the chest wall in the anomalous region in the lungs. The cells were sucked into the syringe and examined under the microscope of the tumor cells. This procedure is usually necessary when the tissue in the affected area is an adequate sample, but in some cases, the district or outside the field can easily be confused with the sample. Small risk (3% -5%) of air leaks in the lungs (called pneumothorax, which can be easily treated) accompanies the procedure.

The major surgical procedures

If none of these methods provides methods of diagnosis, surgery should be used to obtain tumor tissue for diagnosis. These may include mediastinoscopy (examination of the chest cavity between the lungs through a tube inserted into a surgical biopsy of tumor masses or lymph nodes that may contain metastases) or thoracotomy (surgical opening of the chest wall to remove or biopsy). At thoracotomy, is a rare opportunity to completely remove the lung, and both mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy entails risks of major surgical procedures (for complications such as bleeding, infection, and risks associated with anesthesia and drugs). These procedures are performed in the operating room and the patient should be hospitalized.

Blood tests

Although regular blood tests alone can not diagnose lung cancer can be identified biochemical and metabolic disorders in the body that accompany cancer. For example, elevated levels of calcium or alkaline phosphatase enzyme may accompany cancer, which is a bone metastasis. In addition, elevated levels of certain enzymes normally present in liver cells, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT), signal liver damage, possibly due to the presence of metastases.

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