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Vitamin B1 Benefits in Heart Failure and Diabetes

Thiamine, also called as vitamin B1 is a water-soluble and heat-sensitive, for energy from carbohydrates, essential vitamins. To be found precisely in the outer layers of carbohydrate-containing cereals such as wheat and rice. When asked about the daily requirement is between healthy and sick people to be distinguished.

Because of the biochemical mechanism of action of vitamin B1 (thiamine) certain diseases seem to like Diabetes mellitus (disorder of carbohydrate metabolism), the heart disease (heart failure) to be affected as the autonomic nervous system (such as Beri-Beri, Alzheimer’s disease) in a special way.

Diabetes is apparently associated with an increased need for thiamine. So Paul Thornalley and co-workers at the University of Essex have found that previously established test methods for determination of vitamin B1 deficiency, which (on certain components of blood here: the red blood cells or red blood cell based), in 3 out of 4 examined diabetes an actual vitamin B1 deficiency did not indicate.

This is due to the fact that a vitamin deficiency may be present would not be observed in the cellular blood components, but in the plasma. Similarly, increases the need for thiamine in heart failure, due to increased excretion of vitamin B1, as a hitherto little noticed side effect of so-called loop diuretics (certain type of medicine used to washing out of water). The demand is dependent on medication and stage of disease.

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Several Causes of Pneumonia and Description

Pneumonia Description

Several pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi can attack the tissue in the lung. This description is called of the lungs (pneumonia). The affected lung area swells and pulmonary blood flow is increased.

From 30 to 60 percent of all pneumonias are to be due to a certain type of bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae = pneumococcal result). Pneumonia is the most common infectious disease leading to death in the industrialized countries, worldwide it occupies third place.

On the Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Europe and Asia region, such as Italy, Japan, Australia, France, Spain, China, India, Netherlands, Poland and Germany are diagnosed about 10 out of 1,000 people. 90 percent of  the medical cases on a bacterial infection. Pneumonia illness mostly affects infants, young children and the elderly. For people who are otherwise healthy, healing from pneumonia usually without consequence.

In older people, children and people with weak immune systems, pneumonia may also end up deadly. Pneumonias, which develop in the hospital, are particularly dangerous.

Several Pneumonia Causes

Infection as causes of pneumonia typically occurs through the inhalation of micro-organisms. These pneumonia causes include bacteria, viruses, mushroom fungi and Read more…

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Diabetic Foot Ulcers Education Treatment

A dangerous consequence of diabetes mellitus is a disease of the diabetic foot ulcers (foot ulcers diabetic). Every diabetic should therefore be aware of this consequence disease because of diabetes is 40 times more frequently affected by this disease than non-diabetics.

Every year, about 28,000 amputations in diabetic patients make clear the importance of prevention. Diabetics should consult absolutely diabetes physician to confront the diabetic foot ulcer / foot ulcers diabetes by early therapy. The onset of this disease, unfortunately, is gradual and initially unnoticed. Only poorly-healing wounds or ulcers starting this disease can be seen. High and poorly controlled sugar levels over a long period increases the risk of diabetic foot ulcers continuously.

Type II diabetics (diabetes type 2), namely the so-called “Age of sugar” with a nerve injury, or contracted leg vessels are at particularly high risk of suffering during the course of metabolic disease and injury to the feet. Important for prevention is that the diabetic pays attention to perfectly matching shoes and socks without seams and constricting cuffs. Smallest bruising or bumping of the toes in the shoes can reduced by progressive pain this badly-healing injuries that might develop into in the sequel to the first ulcer.

Special diabetic shoes is a bit more expensive but it is a very useful tool for prevention. Has sustained an injury in the diabetic foot, it is imperative to consult a doctor immediately herewith. Since the blood flow in diabetes type II (diabetes type 2) is specifically worse than in healthy people, there is the danger of fast hole formation in the injured area. Self-treatment is not recommended and can quickly jeopardize the entire foot.

Furthermore, it is especially good foot care in diabetics, that is, skin and nail care is very important. Also ingrown toenails or cracked cornea can cause irreparable damage to the foot. Specialized pedicure salons, which often also offer home visits can be a great help in the care of the feet, as it can get very old at the pedicure on your own foot injury.

Also, the foot care products should, where possible with the doctor or be denied the foot care staff, because there are several products on the market, which is not suitable for the care of vulnerable diabetic skin. The avoidance of direct sun exposure of the feet and walking barefoot because of athlete’s foot and risk of injury prevention prior to the complete diabetic foot ulcers.

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The Most Frequent Cirrhosis Causes

There are some causes of cirrhosis, such as alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cryptogenic cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, Inherited disorders, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, biliary atresia, and cardiac chronic heart failure as cirrhosis causes problems.

• Alcohol cause hepatic cirrhosis

Alcohol is a very common cause of cirrhosis, especially in the western world. The development of cirrhosis depends on the amount and regularity of alcohol consumption. Chronic high levels of alcohol consumption for liver cell damage. Thirty percent of people drinking daily for at least eight to sixteen ounces of hard liquor or the equivalent of fifteen or more years will develop cirrhosis. Alcohol causes a range of diseases of the liver to be simple and uncomplicated fatty liver (steatosis), to more severe fatty liver with inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or hepatitis), cirrhosis.

• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

NAFLD, better known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease refers to a broad spectrum of liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis. All stages of NAFLD have in common the accumulation of fat in liver cells. The term is used because NAFLD nonalcoholic occurs in people who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol, however, in many respects, the microscopic image of non-alcoholic fatty liver is similar to what can be seen in liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Is NAFLD associated with a condition called insulin resistance, which in turn is associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the United States and is responsible for 24% of all liver diseases. In fact, the number of livers that are transplanted from non-alcoholic fatty liver, cirrhosis is related to the increase. The public health administrators that the current epidemic of obesity dramatically increases the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cirrhosis in the population.

• Cryptogenic cirrhosis (cirrhosis due to unidentified causes)

Cirrhosis due to unidentified causes, better known as Cryptogenic-Cirrhosis is a common reason for liver transplantation. It’s called cryptogenic cirrhosis because for years doctors have been unable to explain why a proportion of patients with cirrhosis developed. Doctors now believe that cryptogenic cirrhosis due to NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) caused by long-standing obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The fat in the liver of patients with NASH is estimated to disappear with the onset of cirrhosis, and this makes it difficult for physicians to establish the link between NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis long. An important clue leading to NASH cryptogenic cirrhosis is the discovery of a large number of Nash in the new liver of patients undergoing liver transplantation in cryptogenic cirrhosis. Finally, a French study suggests that patients with NASH have a similar risk of developing cirrhosis patients with long-term infection with hepatitis C. (See below). However, it is expected that progression to cirrhosis from NASH to be slow and the diagnosis of cirrhosis is usually performed in patients in the sixties.

• Chronic Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis chronic is a condition where chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C affects the liver for years. Most patients with viral hepatitis develop chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. For example, most patients infected with hepatitis A recover completely within a few weeks without developing chronic infection. However, some patients infected with hepatitis B and most patients infected with hepatitis C develop chronic hepatitis, which in turn leads to progressive liver disease leading to cirrhosis and sometimes liver cancer.

• Inherited (genetic) disorders

Inherited genetic disorders that cause the accumulation of toxic substances in the liver, leading to tissue damage and cirrhosis. Examples include the abnormal accumulation of iron (hemochromatosis) or copper (Wilson’s disease). In hemochromatosis, patients inherit a tendency to absorb too much iron from food. Over time, iron accumulation in various organs in the body causes cirrhosis, arthritis, heart muscle damage leading to heart failure, and testicular dysfunction causing loss of sexual appetite. Treatment aims to prevent organ damage from the removal of iron in the body by bleeding (blood removal). In Wilson’s disease, is an inherited abnormality in one of the proteins that control copper in the body. Over time, copper accumulates in the liver, eyes and brain. Cirrhosis, tremor, psychiatric disorders and other neurological disorders occur if the condition is not treated quickly. Treatment with oral medication that increases the amount of copper from the body in urine.

• Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)

PBC, better known as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis is a liver disease caused by abnormal immune system that is predominantly female. Abnormal immunity in PBC causes chronic inflammation and destruction of small bile ducts in the liver. The bile ducts are the passages in the liver, bile travels to the intestine. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver that contains substances necessary for digestion and absorption of fat in the intestine, and other compounds that are waste products such as bilirubin, a pigment. (Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells.). Along with the gallbladder, bile ducts form the biliary tract. In the PBC, the destruction of small bile duct blocks the normal flow of bile into the intestine. As the inflammation continues to destroy more of the bile ducts, also extends to destroy liver cells nearby. That the destruction of hepatocytes of products, the scar tissue (fibrosis) forms and propagates in the areas of destruction. The combined effects of ongoing inflammation, scarring, and the toxic effects of waste accumulation leads to cirrhosis.

• Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

PSC, better known as Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is a rare disease that occurs frequently in patients with ulcerative colitis. In the PSC, the large bile ducts outside the liver become inflamed, narrowed and blocked. Outflow obstruction of the bile duct in biliary tract infections and jaundice, and eventually causes cirrhosis. In some patients, bile duct injury (usually after surgery) can also cause obstruction and cirrhosis of the liver.

• Autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis is a liver disease caused by abnormal immune system that occurs most often in women. The abnormal immune activity in autoimmune hepatitis resulting in inflammation and progressive destruction of liver cells (hepatocytes), which eventually leads to cirrhosis.

• Babies can be born without bile ducts (biliary atresia)

Biliary atresia, also known as infant can be born without bile ducts and eventually develop cirrhosis. Other babies are born without enzyme vital for control of sugar that leads to the accumulation of sugars and cirrhosis. On rare occasions, the absence of a specific enzyme can cause cirrhosis and scarring of the lungs (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency).

• Other less common causes of cirrhosis include unusual reactions to certain drugs and exposure to toxins, and chronic heart failure (cardiac cirrhosis)

In some parts of the world (especially North Africa), infection of the liver parasites (schistosomiasis) is the most common cause of liver disease and cirrhosis.

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Diabetic Nephropathy and Kidney Disease

Diabetic nephropathy, some people also known as Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome and intercapillary glomerulonephritis (nephropatia diabetica) is a progressive disease of the kidneys as a result of a long, not optimally controlled diabetes mellitus – in which poorly treated – the kidney function is more limiting up to dialysis, kidney failure. Around 30% of people with diabetes type 1 and diabetes type 2 occurs approximately 10 years after onset of diabetic nephropathy (nephropathy diabetes), and men are statistically more frequently affected than women, including low birth weight acts as a favorable factor.

The relevant factors in addition to a hereditary predisposition and the long-term quality of glycemic control. Due to the long-standing elevated blood sugar deposits from changes in the renal corpuscles and scarring caused by the natural filtering function of the kidneys fail gradually. The arteries of the renal vessels calcify increasingly, there is an increase in pressure within the renal corpuscle and a general rise in blood pressure.

The onset of the illness passes unnoticed by the patient, when the nephropathy is broken and is not treated, but it usually leads within 2.5 years for chronic renal failure. Only the symptoms of advanced renal injury in the form of foamy urine (due to the increased protein secretion), edema and weight gain or incipient renal failure with itching, exhaustion, headache, anemia, nausea and vomiting are more noticeable. In the laboratory, the excretion of albumin is increased.

The simultaneous determination of albumin and creatinine in urine is the albumin-creatinine ratio a clear indication of diabetic nephropathy :

The value of 30-300 mg / g is known as microalbuminuria (likelihood of nephropathy after 10 years, diabetes mellitus type 1) very high; more than 300 mg / g is called macroalbuminuria (very high probability) even after a shorter diabetes.

If 2 of 3 samples reach these values, it must be of the diabetic nephropathy. At the risk of renal failure is due to the burden of blood vessels in hypertension, the risk of cardiovascular complications increases significantly. Smoking, higher amounts of protein from the diet, elevated blood lipids and obesity potentiate the risk of a heart attack, stroke, thrombosis, or diabetic complications.

Blood sugar must be terminated permanently optimal, lowered blood pressure and so must be the blood fat levels reduced to well below 100. The goal is to reduce protein excretion to less than 0.5 – 1 g per day.

Regular blood and urine tests to the corresponding values of renal function are mandatory. As standard medications are ACE inhibitors or AT1 antagonists, antihypertensive drugs can stop the disease prophylactically.

A well adjusted blood sugar levels, consistent weight control, regular medical checkups and a generally healthy lifestyle (exercise, protein and fats in moderation, do not smoke) to help reduce the risk of diabetic nephropathy, and significantly delay the progression of existing disease.

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