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Several Causes of Pneumonia and Description

Pneumonia Description

Several pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi can attack the tissue in the lung. This description is called of the lungs (pneumonia). The affected lung area swells and pulmonary blood flow is increased.

From 30 to 60 percent of all pneumonias are to be due to a certain type of bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae = pneumococcal result). Pneumonia is the most common infectious disease leading to death in the industrialized countries, worldwide it occupies third place.

On the Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Europe and Asia region, such as Italy, Japan, Australia, France, Spain, China, India, Netherlands, Poland and Germany are diagnosed about 10 out of 1,000 people. 90 percent of  the medical cases on a bacterial infection. Pneumonia illness mostly affects infants, young children and the elderly. For people who are otherwise healthy, healing from pneumonia usually without consequence.

In older people, children and people with weak immune systems, pneumonia may also end up deadly. Pneumonias, which develop in the hospital, are particularly dangerous.

Several Pneumonia Causes

Infection as causes of pneumonia typically occurs through the inhalation of micro-organisms. These pneumonia causes include bacteria, viruses, mushroom fungi and Read more…

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The Most Frequent Cirrhosis Causes

There are some causes of cirrhosis, such as alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cryptogenic cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, Inherited disorders, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, biliary atresia, and cardiac chronic heart failure as cirrhosis causes problems.

• Alcohol cause hepatic cirrhosis

Alcohol is a very common cause of cirrhosis, especially in the western world. The development of cirrhosis depends on the amount and regularity of alcohol consumption. Chronic high levels of alcohol consumption for liver cell damage. Thirty percent of people drinking daily for at least eight to sixteen ounces of hard liquor or the equivalent of fifteen or more years will develop cirrhosis. Alcohol causes a range of diseases of the liver to be simple and uncomplicated fatty liver (steatosis), to more severe fatty liver with inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or hepatitis), cirrhosis.

• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

NAFLD, better known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease refers to a broad spectrum of liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis. All stages of NAFLD have in common the accumulation of fat in liver cells. The term is used because NAFLD nonalcoholic occurs in people who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol, however, in many respects, the microscopic image of non-alcoholic fatty liver is similar to what can be seen in liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Is NAFLD associated with a condition called insulin resistance, which in turn is associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the United States and is responsible for 24% of all liver diseases. In fact, the number of livers that are transplanted from non-alcoholic fatty liver, cirrhosis is related to the increase. The public health administrators that the current epidemic of obesity dramatically increases the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cirrhosis in the population.

• Cryptogenic cirrhosis (cirrhosis due to unidentified causes)

Cirrhosis due to unidentified causes, better known as Cryptogenic-Cirrhosis is a common reason for liver transplantation. It’s called cryptogenic cirrhosis because for years doctors have been unable to explain why a proportion of patients with cirrhosis developed. Doctors now believe that cryptogenic cirrhosis due to NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) caused by long-standing obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The fat in the liver of patients with NASH is estimated to disappear with the onset of cirrhosis, and this makes it difficult for physicians to establish the link between NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis long. An important clue leading to NASH cryptogenic cirrhosis is the discovery of a large number of Nash in the new liver of patients undergoing liver transplantation in cryptogenic cirrhosis. Finally, a French study suggests that patients with NASH have a similar risk of developing cirrhosis patients with long-term infection with hepatitis C. (See below). However, it is expected that progression to cirrhosis from NASH to be slow and the diagnosis of cirrhosis is usually performed in patients in the sixties.

• Chronic Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis chronic is a condition where chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C affects the liver for years. Most patients with viral hepatitis develop chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. For example, most patients infected with hepatitis A recover completely within a few weeks without developing chronic infection. However, some patients infected with hepatitis B and most patients infected with hepatitis C develop chronic hepatitis, which in turn leads to progressive liver disease leading to cirrhosis and sometimes liver cancer.

• Inherited (genetic) disorders

Inherited genetic disorders that cause the accumulation of toxic substances in the liver, leading to tissue damage and cirrhosis. Examples include the abnormal accumulation of iron (hemochromatosis) or copper (Wilson’s disease). In hemochromatosis, patients inherit a tendency to absorb too much iron from food. Over time, iron accumulation in various organs in the body causes cirrhosis, arthritis, heart muscle damage leading to heart failure, and testicular dysfunction causing loss of sexual appetite. Treatment aims to prevent organ damage from the removal of iron in the body by bleeding (blood removal). In Wilson’s disease, is an inherited abnormality in one of the proteins that control copper in the body. Over time, copper accumulates in the liver, eyes and brain. Cirrhosis, tremor, psychiatric disorders and other neurological disorders occur if the condition is not treated quickly. Treatment with oral medication that increases the amount of copper from the body in urine.

• Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)

PBC, better known as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis is a liver disease caused by abnormal immune system that is predominantly female. Abnormal immunity in PBC causes chronic inflammation and destruction of small bile ducts in the liver. The bile ducts are the passages in the liver, bile travels to the intestine. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver that contains substances necessary for digestion and absorption of fat in the intestine, and other compounds that are waste products such as bilirubin, a pigment. (Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells.). Along with the gallbladder, bile ducts form the biliary tract. In the PBC, the destruction of small bile duct blocks the normal flow of bile into the intestine. As the inflammation continues to destroy more of the bile ducts, also extends to destroy liver cells nearby. That the destruction of hepatocytes of products, the scar tissue (fibrosis) forms and propagates in the areas of destruction. The combined effects of ongoing inflammation, scarring, and the toxic effects of waste accumulation leads to cirrhosis.

• Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

PSC, better known as Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is a rare disease that occurs frequently in patients with ulcerative colitis. In the PSC, the large bile ducts outside the liver become inflamed, narrowed and blocked. Outflow obstruction of the bile duct in biliary tract infections and jaundice, and eventually causes cirrhosis. In some patients, bile duct injury (usually after surgery) can also cause obstruction and cirrhosis of the liver.

• Autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis is a liver disease caused by abnormal immune system that occurs most often in women. The abnormal immune activity in autoimmune hepatitis resulting in inflammation and progressive destruction of liver cells (hepatocytes), which eventually leads to cirrhosis.

• Babies can be born without bile ducts (biliary atresia)

Biliary atresia, also known as infant can be born without bile ducts and eventually develop cirrhosis. Other babies are born without enzyme vital for control of sugar that leads to the accumulation of sugars and cirrhosis. On rare occasions, the absence of a specific enzyme can cause cirrhosis and scarring of the lungs (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency).

• Other less common causes of cirrhosis include unusual reactions to certain drugs and exposure to toxins, and chronic heart failure (cardiac cirrhosis)

In some parts of the world (especially North Africa), infection of the liver parasites (schistosomiasis) is the most common cause of liver disease and cirrhosis.

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Diabetes Type 1 Causes Information

About five percent of diabetics have type 1 diabetes (diabetes i /  diabetes 1). Because the type-1 Diabetes Mellitus usually begins in a young age, he was formerly known as juvenile diabetes (juvenile). Today, it is assumed that this is an autoimmune disease that is favored by certain genetic factors and viral infection.

With few exceptions, all type 1 diabetics (diabetes type-1) wear special features on their white blood cells (HLA-DR 3 and DR 4 features). Therefore, a genetic predisposition (susceptibility) is assumed for the disease. The inheritable characteristics are on the short arm of chromosome No. 6 However, there are many people who carry these genetic information and not yet become ill from diabetes mellitus. It is therefore expected that in addition contribute to the heredity and certain viral infections, the outbreak of the disease. As a causative viruses are especially measles, mumps and influenza viruses into consideration. Such viral infections can trigger in certain individuals, a so-called auto-immune response, are formed when the antibody against the body’s own tissues, in this case against the islet cells of the pancreas. This islet cell antibodies (ICA), finally leading to complete destruction of insulin-producing cells.

Only after about 80 percent of the islet cells are gone, comes with its typical symptoms of diabetes in appearance. Between the onset of the disease and the onset of symptoms may take weeks, months or even years. Frequently, after the start of insulin therapy in a significant improvement of the condition. The interested party is then in the so-called remission phase in which little insulin is needed from outside. In fact, the disease process progresses, until finally, all islet cells are destroyed and not have their own insulin is formed. In type 1 diabetes (diabetes type 1) is, then, from the beginning, a real (absolute) insulin deficiency. Therefore, the dose of insulin the only treatment that leads to an improvement in symptoms.

Diabetes type 1 (type 1 diabetes)  is inherited with a probability of three to five percent of the mother or the father to the next generation. Both parents are Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus, the risk rises to about 20 percent. Siblings of diabetic children have their own risk of illness of at least ten percent. In identical twins, the risk is for the siblings of an interested party at 35 percent.

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